On s'était dit rendez-vous dans dix ans...

1999. Larry Summers est Treasury Secretary. Un de ses aides s'appellent Tim Geithner. C'est à ce moment là qu'une des législations conçues dans les années 30 pour qu'une telle crise ne se reproduise jamais, le Glass Steagle Act, est abandonnée. Cette loi empêchait aux banques d'investissement d'avoir des activités de banques commerciales et réciproquement. David Lindorff revisite ce moment d'histoire et nous rappelle qui disait quoi à l'époque. Je vous conseille de lire tout l'article mais voici les meilleurs extraits:

Back in November 1999, Congress passed legislation pushed by then Sen. Phil Gramm (R-TX), rescinding the Depression-era Glass-Steagall Act. The measure, backed by the Clinton administration, and overwhelmingly passed by the Senate (90-8) and the House (362-57), opened the way for banks to merge with investment banks and insurance companies, and led directly to the current financial cataclysm.

Here’s Larry Summers, a chief architect of the current financial industry multi-trillion-dollar bailout giveaway being orchestrated by the Obama administration, where he serves as director of President Obama’s National Economic Council:

''Today Congress voted to update the rules that have governed financial services since the Great Depression and replace them with a system for the 21st century. This historic legislation will better enable American companies to compete in the new economy.''

Sen. Byron Dorgan (D-ND), one of seven Senate Democrats who voted against revoking Glass-Steagall, said:

“I think we will look back in 10 years' time and say we should not have done this but we did because we forgot the lessons of the past, and that that which is true in the 1930's is true in 2010. I wasn't around during the 1930's or the debate over Glass-Steagall. But I was here in the early 1980's when it was decided to allow the expansion of savings and loans. We have now decided in the name of modernization to forget the lessons of the past, of safety and of soundness.''

And then there’s the late Sen. Paul Wellstone (D-MN), who died in a tragic and still unexplained plane crash near the end of his campaign for re-election in 2002. Congress, he said, seemed:

“…determined to unlearn the lessons from our past mistakes. Scores of banks failed in the Great Depression as a result of unsound banking practices, and their failure only deepened the crisis. Glass-Steagall was intended to protect our financial system by insulating commercial banking from other forms of risk. It was one of several stabilizers designed to keep a similar tragedy from recurring. Now Congress is about to repeal that economic stabilizer without putting any comparable safeguard in its place.''

Sen. Gramm:

'The world changes, and we have to change with it. We have a new century coming, and we have an opportunity to dominate that century the same way we dominated this century. Glass-Steagall, in the midst of the Great Depression, came at a time when the thinking was that the government was the answer. In this era of economic prosperity, we have decided that freedom is the answer.''

And then Sen. Kerrey, offering a line that should probably be etched someday on his tombstone as his most memorable quotation:

“The concerns that we will have a meltdown like 1929 are dramatically overblown.”

Note: Hubris Kills dément généralement que l'abandon du Glass Steagle Act ait eu un impact aussi mécanique qu'on le croit dans cette crise. Il est vrai que la chronologie des évènements nous pousse peut-être à en surestimer les effets. Il n'empêche: on peut au moins argumenter que cet abandon a permis l'émergence de plus d'institutions "Too big to fail" ce qui a aggravé la crise.