Sunday Rome Blogging

A l'ouest, rien de nouveau

Mais à chaque fois que c'est répété par des insiders, le Blogo ne manque pas de se sentir un peu plus "vindicated"...

Extrait de ce post de Glenn Greenwald:

Sen. Dick Durbin, on a local Chicago radio station this week, blurted out an obvious truth about Congress that, despite being blindingly obvious, is rarely spoken: "And the banks -- hard to believe in a time when we're facing a banking crisis that many of the banks created -- are still the most powerful lobby on Capitol Hill. And they frankly own the place." The blunt acknowledgment that the same banks that caused the financial crisis "own" the U.S. Congress -- according to one of that institution's most powerful members -- demonstrates just how extreme this institutional corruption is.

Friday Plane Blogging

Note: comme la plupart des images postées sur le blogo, vous pouvez agrandir les FPB en cliquant dessus.

Bonne nouvelle

Glenn Greenwald signale une victoire importante contre Obama. Ce dernier avait en effet repris le flambeau de Bush en revendiquant le droit de mettre fin à toute poursuite judiciaire sur la simple affirmation qu'elle mettait en cause un secret d'Etat. Cet abus de pouvoir avait permis à Bush de mettre fin aux procédures judiciaires susceptibles d'incriminer son régime. Obama n'avait pas d'autres choix que de le reprendre à son compte s'il voulait, comme il en a manifesté l'intention, protéger l'administration précédente et tout l'establishment washingtonien qui a soutenu le bushisme. Une cour d'appel vient de contester cette position de l'administration.

Le pouvoir judiciaire semble reprendre sa place dans le paysage politique américain (la maison blanche a aussi dû mettre de l'eau dans son vin sur sa volonté affichée de ne pas poursuivre Bush - ce n'est pas elle qui décide en la matière). L'élection d'Obama a normalisé la démocratie américaine dans la mesure où le pouvoir du président est à nouveau confronté à des limites. En votant Obama et démocrate massivement, les américains ont également manifesté leur souhait de revenir à un fonctionnement démocratique normal. Tous les corps de l'Etat (et la société en général) ont entendu le message et il est donc logique qu'ils retrouvent leur place en s'opposant si besoin au nouveau président. C'est l'effet induit de la victoire d'Obama: les américains n'ont plus peur de leur exécutif, les langues se délient. Cette forme de Glasnost* non-dite après une période de crispation autoritaire va avoir des effets pendant plusieurs années et pourraient être une lame de fond qui recentre le paysage politique américain aujourd'hui encore très fortement droitisé. Jusqu'au prochain attentat?

* Obama en Gorbatchev américain? Voir ici. Encore une analogie fumeuse dont le Blogo peut sans doute revendiquer la paternité. En réalité, en préservant à tous prix (littéralement) les structures du système bancaire en dépit de sa faillite, Obama semble au contraire de Gorbatchev se crisper sur la préservation d'un système cassé plutôt que d'essayer d'accoucher un nouvel équilibre. Quand on voit l'Etat de l'empire soviétique, on se demande si on peut réellement le lui reprocher. Comme signalé ici, les américains n'ont rien à perdre à tenter de préserver le système actuel: il n'existe pas d'alternative qui leur soit favorable. "They are all in" pour les amateurs de poker. J'ose donc une analogie encore plus fumeuse: Obama, le Iouri Andropov américain? El Blogo: "To boldly go where no man has gone before".

Longue interview d'Obama dans le NYT

J'ai sélectionné les passages susceptibles d'intéresser un lecteur du Blogo. L'interview a été faite le 14 avril et n'a été publiée qu'hier:

IV. Where the Economists are Coming From

I want to talk broadly about policy. When you and I spoke during the campaign, you made it clear that you had thought a lot about the economic debates within the Clinton administration. And you said that you wanted to have a Robert Rubin type and a Robert Reich type having a vigorous debate in front of you. And clearly you have a spectrum of Democrats within your economic-policy team.

THE PRESIDENT: But I don’t have Paul Krugman or Joseph Stiglitz. (7) (Laughter.)

No, this wasn’t about them. But they have made it clear that they are not working in your administration, haven’t they?

But in your inner circle, it really is dominated by Rubin protégés. And I’d be interested if —

THE PRESIDENT: You know, the — I mean, look, Larry Summers and Tim Geithner obviously worked at Treasury under Rubin.

And Peter Orszag, I think.

THE PRESIDENT: And Orszag — fair enough. You know, Christy Romer didn’t.

Jared Bernstein doesn’t — and Jared sits here every morning as part of my economic team. And Austan Goolsbee doesn’t. (8)

I mean, the truth is that what I’ve been constantly searching for is a ruthless pragmatism when it comes to economic policy. It is probably true that, given the financial crisis that had arisen, that the fact that both Tim and Larry had familiarity with financial crises was a plus, because I thought that we needed some people who could hit the ground running and would be comfortable dealing with some very large and difficult economic issues. And frankly, that list is pretty small, because the last Democratic president we had was Bill Clinton; he was on the scene for eight years, and for a big chunk of that time, Bob Rubin was his primary economic-policy maker. So it’s not surprising that anybody who had experience in those fronts was going to be coming out of a shop that would have been influenced by that.

Keep in mind, though, I mean, I have enormous respect for somebody like Joe Stiglitz. I read his stuff all the time. I actually am looking forward to having these folks in for ongoing discussion. Somebody who has enormous influence over my thinking is Paul Volcker, who is robust enough that, having presided over the Carter and Reagan years, he’s still sharp as a tack and able to give me huge advice and to provide some counterbalance.

The last point I’d make, though, is I think that — and I may have mentioned this to you — but now that I think about it, maybe it was post-election. When I first started having a round table of economic advisers, and Bob Reich was part of that, and he was sitting across the table from Bob Rubin and others, what you discovered was that some of the rifts that had existed back in the Clinton years had really narrowed drastically.

They agree a lot more than they used to, but not entirely.

THE PRESIDENT: Not entirely. But, I mean, the fact is that Larry Summers right now is very comfortable making arguments, often quite passionately, that Bob Reich used to be making when he was in the Clinton White House. Now Larry might not like me saying that —

Larry Summers is the new Bob Reich —

THE PRESIDENT: — that he’s become a soft touch. But, no, I think that one of the things that we all agree to is that the touchstone for economic policy is, does it allow the average American to find good employment and see their incomes rise; that we can’t just look at things in the aggregate, we do want to grow the pie, but we want to make sure that prosperity is spread across the spectrum of regions and occupations and genders and races; and that economic policy should focus on growing the pie, but it also has to make sure that everybody has got opportunity in that system.

I also think that there’s very little disagreement that there are lessons to be learned from this crisis in terms of the importance of regulation in the financial markets. And I think that this notion that there is somehow resistance to that — to those lessons within my economic team — just isn’t borne out by the discussions that I have every day.

If anything, the only thing I notice, I think, that I do think is something of a carry-over from Bob Rubin — I see it in Larry, I see it in Tim — is a great appreciation of complexity.

And a willingness to admit what you don’t know, in many cases.

THE PRESIDENT: Yes, exactly. And so what that means is that, as we’re making economic policy, I think there is a certain humility about the consequences of the actions we take, intended and unintended, that may make some outside observers impatient. I mean, you’ll recall Geithner was just getting hammered for months. But he, I think, is very secure in saying we need to get these things right, and if we act too abruptly, we can end up doing more harm than good. Those are qualities that I think have been useful.

VI. Out of the Rough?

Do you think this recession is a big-enough event to make us as a country willing to make some of the sorts of hard choices that we need to make on health care, on taxes in the long term — which will not cover the cost of government — on energy? Traditionally those choices get made in times of depression or war, and I’m not sure whether this rises to that level.

THE PRESIDENT: Well, part of it will depend on leadership. So I’ve got to make some good arguments out there. And that’s what I’ve been trying to do since I came in, is to say now is the time for us to make some tough, big decisions.

The critics have said, you’re doing too much, you can’t do all this at once, Congress can’t digest everything. I just reject that. There’s nothing inherent in our political process that should prevent us from making these difficult decisions now, as opposed to 10 years from now or 20 years from now.

It is true that as tough an economic time as it is right now, we haven’t had 42 months of 20, 30 percent unemployment. And so the degree of desperation and the shock to the system may not be as great. And that means that there’s going to be more resistance to any of these steps: reforming the financial system or reforming our health care system or doing something about energy. On each of these things — you know, things aren’t so bad in the eyes of a lot of Americans that they say, We’re willing to completely try something new.

But part of my job I think is to bridge that gap between the status quo and what we know we have to do for our future.

Are you worried that the economic cycle will make that much harder? I mean, Roosevelt took office four years after the stock market crashed. You took office four months after Lehman Brothers collapsed. At some point people may start saying, Hey, why aren’t things getting better?

THE PRESIDENT: It’s something that we think about. I knew even before the election that this was going to be a very difficult journey and that the economy had gone through a sufficient shock and that it wasn’t going to recover right away.

In some ways it’s liberating, though, in the sense that whether I’m a one-termer or a two-termer, the problems are big enough and fundamental enough that I can’t sort of game it out. It’s not one of these things where I can say, Oh, you know what, if I time it just right, then the market is going to be going up and unemployment will be going down right before re-election. These are much bigger, much more systemic problems. And so in some ways you just kind of set aside the politics.

What I’m very confident about is that given the difficult options before us, we are making good, thoughtful decisions. I have enormous confidence that we are weighing all our options and we are making the best choices. That doesn’t mean that every choice is going to be right, is going to work exactly the way we want it to. But I wake up in the morning and go to bed at night feeling that the direction we are trying to move the economy toward is the right one and that the decisions we make are sound.

Et aussi (le début moins important):

I. The Future of Finance

Q: The idea here is to look beyond the current moment and try to think about what American life is going to be like on the other side of the so-called Great Recession. And so I thought it might make sense to start where the trouble started — finance. People who want to get a sense for how you think about education and jobs and all sorts of other issues can get a really good sense for your thinking by reading “The Audacity of Hope,” or by reading your old speeches, where you basically lay out your learning curve. But there’s no chapter on finance in “The Audacity of Hope.” And so I wonder if you would be willing to describe a little bit of your learning curve about finance, and what you envision finance being in tomorrow’s economy: Does it need to be smaller? Will it inevitably be smaller?

THE PRESIDENT: Well, first of all, I think that we should distinguish between finance as the lifeblood of our economy and finance as a significant industry where we have a comparative advantage — right? So in terms of just growing our economy, we’ve got to have enough credit out there to fund businesses, large and small, to allow consumers the flexibility to make long-term purchases like cars or homes. So that’s not going to change. And I would be concerned if our credit market shrunk in ways that did not allow for the financing of long-term growth.

What that means is not only do we have to have a healthy banking sector, but we’re going to have to figure out what we do with the nonbanking sector that was providing almost half of our credit out there. And we’re going to have to determine whether or not as a consequence of some of the steps that the Fed has been taking, the Treasury has been taking, that we see the market for securitized products restored.

I’m optimistic that ultimately we’re going to be able to get that part of the financial sector going again, but it could take some time to regain confidence and trust.

What I think will change, what I think was an aberration, was a situation where corporate profits in the financial sector were such a heavy part of our overall profitability over the last decade. That I think will change. And so part of that has to do with the effects of regulation that will inhibit some of the massive leveraging and the massive risk-taking that had become so common.

Now, in some ways, I think it’s important to understand that some of that wealth was illusory in the first place.

So we won’t miss it?

THE PRESIDENT: We will miss it in the sense that as a consequence of 25-year-olds getting million-dollar bonuses, they were willing to pay $100 for a steak dinner and that waiter was getting the kinds of tips that would make a college professor envious. And so some of the dynamic of the financial sector will have some trickle-down effects, particularly in a place like Manhattan.

But I actually think that there was always an unsustainable feel about what had happened on Wall Street over the last 10, 15 years, and it’s not that different from the unsustainable nature of what was happening during the dot-com boom, where people in Silicon Valley could make enormous sums of money, even though what they were peddling never really had any signs it would ever make a profit.

That doesn’t mean, though, that Silicon Valley is still not a huge, critical, important part of our economy, and Wall Street will remain a big, important part of our economy, just as it was in the ’70s and the ’80s. It just won’t be half of our economy. And that means that more talent, more resources will be going to other sectors of the economy. And I actually think that’s healthy. We don’t want every single college grad with mathematical aptitude to become a derivatives trader. We want some of them to go into engineering, and we want some of them to be going into computer design.

And so I think what you’ll see is some shift, but I don’t think that we will lose the enormous advantages that come from transparency, openness, the reliability of our markets. If anything, a more vigorous regulatory regime, I think, will help restore confidence, and you’re still going to see a lot of global capital wanting to park itself in the United States.

Are there tangible ways that Wall Street has made the average person’s life better in the way that Silicon Valley has?

THE PRESIDENT: Well, I think that some of the democratization of finance is actually beneficial if properly regulated. So the fact that large numbers of people could participate in the equity markets in ways that they could not previously — and for much lower costs than they used to be able to participate — I think is important.

Now, the fact that we had such poor regulation means — in some of these markets, particularly around the securitized mortgages — means that the pain has been democratized as well. And that’s a problem. But I think that overall there are ways in which people have been able to participate in our stock markets and our financial markets that are potentially healthy. Again, what you have to have, though, is an updating of the regulatory regimes comparable to what we did in the 1930s, when there were rules that were put in place that gave investors a little more assurance that they knew what they were buying.

There was this great debate among F.D.R.’s advisers about whether you had to split up companies — not just banks — you had to split up companies in order to regulate them effectively, or whether it was possible to have big, huge, sprawling, powerful companies — even not just possible, but better — and then have strong regulators. And it seems to me there’s an analogy of that debate now. Which is, do you think it is O.K. to have these “supermarkets” regulated by strong regulators actually trying to regulate, or do we need some very different modern version of Glass-Steagall, (1)

THE PRESIDENT: You know, I’ve looked at the evidence so far that indicates that other countries that have not seen some of the problems in their financial markets that we have nevertheless don’t separate between investment banks and commercial banks, for example. They have a “supermarket” model that they’ve got strong regulation of.

Obama pics

Photos des sympas des 100 premiers jours d'Obama ici. Extrait de l'album de TPM (pour ceux qui ne sont pas des afficionados de "West Wing", il est assis dans le bureau oval sur la photo):

Easy one

Une loi favorable aux emprunteurs individuels est en train d'être vidée de son contenu par un congrès plus "aux ordres" que jamais. Atrios:

Who's The Boss

Must be nice to be a bankster. Almost destroy the world economy, and still senators beg for your approval.

-Atrios 14:14

Comments (111)

Ca commence bien

De TPM:

NYT: Exceptions To Iraq Deadlines Are Proposed
The New York Times reports that the American and Iraqi governments will begin negotiating possible exceptions to the June 30 deadline for withdrawing U.S. combat troops from cities, focusing on Mosul in the North and some parts of Baghdad. Iraqi officials have agreed to classify U.S. bases in the Baghdad area as technically outside the city limits, thus holding to the letter of the agreements.

Le "retrait" américain d'Irak semble bien parti pour devenir un sujet de joke. Change you can believe in...

Modification des règles comptables

Une tentative de chiffrage de l'impact des nouvelles règles comptables dans les résultats Q1 des banques par RGE Monitor:

FASB easing of mark-to-market rules is effective starting Q1--> Robert Willens (former Lehman): rule change could boost capital balances by 20% and earnings by as much as 15%. Edward Jones: Under the new rules banks will also be allowed to exclude from net income any losses they deem “temporary,” making it easier to provide a flattering earnings picture --> see also: Use and Abuse of Fair Value Accounting: Watch Inflated Trading Revenues

For further reference

Je poste les deux documents ci-dessous pour y faire référence dans le futur. Ils viennent du site "Zero hedge" par le biais de RGE Monitor:

1)Un récapitulatif chronologique des mesures anti-crises prises par la FED et le gouvernement

2) La description du relâchement de la contrainte en matière de collatéral accepté par la FED au fil du temps

They would have my head for saying that...

Kate Kelly du WSJ trahit dans cet interview les règles non-écrites du financial reporting (au sujet de savoir si le régulateur va ou non autoriser Goldman Sachs à rembourser la "TARP money"):

The Fed was very worried about the economy having another leg down and then having Goldman coming back to them with a tin cup. Not that Goldman did that the first time. They would have my head for saying that...

Thanks for sharing, Kate. Et un petit conseil de carrière du blogo inspiré de Stephen Colbert:
Write that novel you got kicking around in your head. You know, the one about the intrepid Wall Street reporter with the courage to stand up to Goldman Sachs? You know, fiction!

Extrait de cette émission (30min13s).

Les lecteurs sont aussi des blogueurs

Un des atouts des blogs sont les commentaires laissés par les lecteurs. Les blogueurs leur font plus ou moins de place mais TPM media a l'habitude de les citer régulièrement. Voici donc un commentaire d'un lecteur de TPM auquel j'adhère:

Let's say that all of the sudden, due to the catastrophic onset of a once-in-a-generation crisis, it no longer becomes possible to deny that the elites at the head of a societally important institution have a record of rampant violation not just of the law, but of our most cherished American ideals. Do you:

A) acknowledge that the institution itself has failed in fundamental ways, name and prosecute the true bad apples to the fullest extent of the law, and overhaul the system in a way that essentially wipes out many of the vested interests that have kept it going; or

B) attempt to patch up the existing system by agreeing to keep up various now-discredited fictions and illusions in exchange for a few hard concessions from the elites, all in the hope that the whole monstrosity can limp along until the crisis has passed, at which point it can recover and all of the elites can go back to business as usual

Obama is, by nature, a consensus seeker with inhuman levels of ambition and talent, which means that on both torture and on Wall St. bankster criminality he instinctively reaches for B), which is the (impossible) option that attempts to please everybody at least a little. But what we really need is A), which would seem to someone like Obama to be the most dangerous option, necessitating as it does the social trauma of genuine collective soul searching. You'd have to be able to gamble that America can tolerate this kind of huge rupture -- like the lancing of a boil -- and come through it all intact, and Obama is not a gambler.

Je crois que le problème est posé correctement et c'est la question du blogo depuis l'élection d'Obama. Obama n'est initialement capable que de B mais arrivera-t-il, avec l'aggravation de la crise, à bâtir les circonstances politiques nécessaires à l'exécution de A? Le président pèse en réalité assez peu par rapport aux pouvoirs constitués qui ont intérêt au status quo. La manière dont Obama s'est entouré (a été entouré?) a plutôt refermé la fenêtre d'opportunité pour A. Le seul scénario pour le moment est une rupture majeure similaire à celle réalisée par la gauche française en 1983. Cette dernière avait alors trahi sa base au nom du "réalisme". Il va sûrement être plus difficile pour Obama de trahir les élites au nom de leur ineptitude/corruption. On ne mesure sans doute pas assez (pour les rares personnes qui se posent la question de la possibilité de A) à quel point Obama est un produit du système malgré le "narrative" à la Spartacus qu'on entend à son sujet.

J'en rajoute une couche...

Je me rends compte que j'ai crédité Atrios pour un bon post (voir post précédent) alors qu'il n'avait fait que répéter celui de Krugman que je reproduis ci-dessous:

April 24, 2009, 11:00 am

The defining moment

One addendum to today’s column: the truth, which I think everyone in the political/media establishments knows in their hearts, is that the nine months or so between the summer of 2002 and the beginning of the Iraq insurgency were a great national moral test — a test that most people in influential positions failed.

The Bush administration was obviously — yes, obviously — telling tall tales in order to promote the war it wanted: the constant insinuations of an Iraq-9/11 link, the hyping of discredited claims about a nuclear program, etc.. And the question was, should you stand up against that? Not many did — and those who did were treated as if they were crazy.

For me and many others that was a radicalizing experience; I’ll never trust “sensible” opinion again. But for those who stayed “sensible” through the test, it’s a moment they’d like to see forgotten. That, I believe, is the real reason so many want to let torture and everything else go down the memory hole.

Let’s hope that doesn’t happen.

Cette idée exprimée par Krugman est puissante car ces 9 mois dont il parle ont sûrement contribué à l'éveil politique d'une génération dont on n'a pas fini d'entendre parler. Comme Krugman, comme Atrios, j'avais construit au fil des années une espèce de foi dans l'opinion des élites. J'en étais même devenu parfois le perroquet. Tout à coup, la radicalité de la propagande servie à l'opinion faisait réellement peur aux gens habitant aux Etats-Unis. J'imaginais précédemment que le discours des élites américaines était contraint par un principe de réalité, par une forme de rationalité à laquelle des gens éduqués se devaient d'adhérer. Mais non: les élites politiques et médiatiques s'étaient simultanément mises d'accord sur le même mensonge (à première vue magiquement) et elles le répétaient systématiquement de manière orwellienne. Toute voie dissonante était impitoyablement réduite au silence.

C'est le moment où les gens qui ont fait cette expérience inouïe aux Etats-Unis ont eu à choisir entre la pilule bleue et la pilule rouge*. Chaque citoyen a dû trouver une solution face à cette "cognitive dissonance" qui faisait que l' "empire du bien" (gagnant de la guerre froide contre l' "empire du mal") agissait tout à coup contre ses principes fondateurs. Il est certain que ceux qui ont pris la pilule rouge ont été plus nombreux à envisager qu'une crise économique majeure pouvait se tramer "in plain sight" (au vu et au su de tous), en dépit du ronron rassurant des MSM (mainstream media). Car le mensonge sur la guerre en Irak est parent du mensonge sur l'économie. Cela sera l'objet d'un autre blog, un jour.

* Référence à cette scène du film Matrix:

Note: Ce post de Krugman est en fait une after-thought après un édito brillant dans le NYT où il demande une enquète sur les tortures et sur la "march to war" dans le but de "regagner la conscience de l'Amérique". Indeed. Moment d'humilité pour le blogo quand l'appréciation du post d'un blogueur finit par l'éloge d'un édito du NYT.
Note 2: Krugman qui était déjà sur la Blogo Compliant List.

Les grands blogueurs...

Il est parfois irritant d'aller sur le site d'un blogueur très connu: quelques phrases moyennement écrites avec un lien vers un autre site et voilà: plusieurs centaines de milliers de visites par jour. On essaye de comprendre. Bien sûr, il y a l'avantage d'avoir fait parti des premiers. Peut-être quelques connections dans les vieux médias "to get things going"? Parfois, mais c'est plutôt rare, il y a une vraie expertise et une ligne éditoriale claire comme Glenn Greenwald. Parfois il y a un réel talent d'écriture.

Et puis parfois on se rend compte que ce qu'on lit décrit exactement sa propre expérience et c'est sans doute cela qui fait que les grands blogueurs sont fédérateurs et ont un "huge following". Case in point, Atrios:

Radicalizing

As Krugman says, the period leading up to the Iraq war was indeed a radicalizing experience. I think there were plenty of people like me who had a degree of faith in elite opinion, in the sensible people in nice suits, which I never will again.

And those people hate the dirty fucking hippies more than ever for the simple crime of being correct.

-Atrios 12:07

Comments (24)

Friday Plane Blogging

Je suis en vacances. Faible posting ces jours-ci. Les avions se sont quand même améliorés depuis les années 60!

Une commission sur la crise

Le Blogo se demandait avec William Black pourquoi il n'y avait pas de commission sur la crise. Et bien on en prend le chemin: Nancy Pelosi va demander à ce qu'une enquète soit mise en place sur le modèle de la commission Pecora* en 1929. Bloomberg News s'interroge immédiatement sur la portée réelle que peut avoir cette enquête vu l'organisation de la "structure de pouvoir". On se demande en effet...

extrait:

Members of Congress may be reluctant to tackle the recommendations of such an inquiry because of financial industry donations to political campaigns, said Wall Street historian Charles Geisst.

Financial services has been the biggest contributor in every U.S. election cycle in the last 20 years, according to the Center for Responsive Politics, a Washington research group that tracks campaign money. Its individual and political action committee donations in 2007 and 2008 totaled $463.5 million, compared with $163.8 million from the health-care industry and $75.6 million from energy companies.

Goldman and Citigroup

Individual and PAC donations from Goldman Sachs Group Inc. which totaled $30.9 million, and Citigroup Inc., at $25.8 million, were higher than those from any other company except AT&T Inc.’s $40.9 million over the last 20 years, the center’s compilation of Federal Election Commission data shows.

“How can you seriously propose a law when you’ve been taking money from ‘The American Poodles for Wall Street’ or whatever fund for the past 10 years,” said Geisst, a professor of finance and economics at Manhattan College in New York and author of “Wall Street: A History” (Oxford University Press, 488 pages, $24.99).

Sarkozy et la titrisation

"Il faut la faire repartir". C'est ce qu'a dit Sarkozy sur la titrisation lors du déjeuner dont les médias du monde entier se font les gorges chaudes (et c'est beaucoup plus important que les remarques montées en épingle sur Zapatero et Obama).

Selon Libération, il aurait répondu à Emmanuelli qui objectait «Henri, toi qui as été banquier, tu le sais très bien. La titrisation a permis le développement du monde depuis vingt ans».

C'est justement ça le problème... Les dirigeants politiques ont l'impression que la titrisation a permis l'essentiel de la croissance récente. Ils soupèsent 20 ans de croissance contre 18 mois de crise et la balance penche encore en faveur de la croissance selon eux. Rendez-vous dans 3 ans. On verra alors si le modèle de croissance par la titrisation est vraiment souhaitable. C'est probablement ce que leur sussurent à l'oreille des banquiers soucieux de cacher l'étendue du désastre pour préserver leurs postes: "Vous voulez de la croissance pour être réélus? Titrisons, titrisons et titrisons encore!".

Il ne faut pas "relancer" cette machine infernale. Il est vraiment extrêmement décourageant que les dirigeants du monde (Sarkozy adhère sûrement à un consensus puisque le plan américain est complètement sur cette ligne de relance de la titrisation) n'aient pas au moins des doutes sur ce système. J'espérais que les allemands et les français (et les autres) avaient plus de hauteur de vue sur la question.

Alors quoi? Faut-il que l'Europe continentale qui était en retrait se mette à titriser jusqu'à plus soif? Va-t-on vers une loi favorisant la titrisation en France? On croit vraiment rêver... Les américains ont toujours cette capacité à nous faire avaler n'importe quoi! La titrisation est un système d'allocation du capital vicié car celui qui prête n'est pas intéressé au remboursement de l'emprunteur. Si personne en France ne comprend que ce discours pro-titrisation est une dernière arnaque de banquiers américains désespérés pour gagner un peu de temps et garder leurs jobs jusqu'au prochain bonus, on est pas rendus. Les américains ont planté l'économie mondiale en titrisant à tour de bras mais la morale de l'histoire n'est pas que le système bancaire américain doit revenir à des pratiques plus conservatrices à l'européenne, c'est qu'il faut "relancer la titrisation". Même Obama a parlé de "croissance factice" ("paper growth") sur Jay Leno. Comment Sarkozy peut-il défendre un système failli qui n'est même pas prédominant en France? Il aurait au contraire toutes les raisons de donner des leçons de conservatisme financier aux américains. Si l'idée qui ressort du G20 est que les "20" doivent aider à relancer la titrisation car cela permet la croissance, l'heure est vraiment très très grave.

C'est en tout cas une raison de plus pour que beaucoup de têtes tombent dans la finance américaine. Les mêmes ne pourront jamais se réformer et revenir sur leurs erreurs. Ils ne sauront que maximiser leur bonus en persuadant les politiques qu'il n'y a pas d'autres solutions que de continuer comme avant, aux frais du contribuable.

La titrisation est le problème. Pas la solution.*

* Sauf à inventer de nouvelles techniques de titrisation radicalement différentes mais Sarkozy n'a pas fait mention de la nécessité d'un tel préalable.

Friday Plane Blogging

Encore raté... Voici donc le FPB avec un jour de retard. Merci au lecteur qui m'a fait remarquer cet oubli. Décollage de Los Angeles.

Obama et l'héritage Bush

Obama a donc choisi de publier les "torture memos" et il faut bien reconnaître que l'atmosphère est du coup bien moins pesante que s'il les avait tenus secret. Simultanément, il a rassuré les exécutants en les soustrayant par avance à toute poursuite judiciaire. La CIA est un pouvoir et Obama pense qu'il doit le ménager. Il n'en demeure pas moins que le gouvernement américain est tenu juridiquement à poursuivre les commanditaires de la torture et les tortionnaires. Glenn Greenwald le rappelle succintement au travers des textes juridiques suivants:

Convention Against Torture -- signed by Reagan in 1988, ratified in 1994 by Senate:

Each State Party shall ensure that all acts of torture are offences under its criminal law (Article 4) . . . . The State Party in territory under whose jurisdiction a person alleged to have committed any offence referred to in article 4 is found, shall in the cases contemplated in article 5, if it does not extradite him, submit the case to its competent authorities for the purpose of prosecution.

No exceptional circumstances whatsoever, whether a state of war or a threat or war, internal political instability or any other public emergency, may be invoked as a justification of torture. . . . An order from a superior officer or a public authority may not be invoked as a justification of torture.

Geneva Conventions, Article 146:

Each High Contracting Party shall be under the obligation to search for persons alleged to have committed, or to have ordered to be committed, such grave breaches, and shall bring such persons, regardless of their nationality, before its own courts.

Charter of the International Tribunal at Nuremberg, Article 8:

The fact that the Defendant acted pursuant to order of his Government or of a superior shall not free him from responsibility, but may be considered in mitigation of punishment if the Tribunal determines that justice so requires.

U.S. Constitution, Article VI:

[A]ll Treaties made, or which shall be made, under the Authority of the United States, shall be the supreme Law of the Land.

L'imposture comptable: change you can believe in

Les politiques font souvent le contraire de ce qu'ils annoncent et l'administration Obama ne fait pas exception. On annonce "des choix difficiles et de la transparence" et on se retrouve avec des expédients favorisant le très court terme et toujours plus d'opacité. Il y a quinze jours (j'ai un peu tardé pour en parler), l'organisme chargé des normes comptables a fait une énorme concession aux banques: elles peuvent désormais évaluer leurs actifs aux prix qu'elles souhaitent et plus aux prix de marché. Cet article explique la mesure qui intervient juste à temps pour embellir les annonces de résultats du premier trimestre.

L'idée générale qui sous-tend ce changement est la même que pour le TALF (ou Public Private Initiative qui vise à subventionner l'achat d'obligations pourries): les obligations basées sur les mortgage n'ont pas perdu de valeur parce que le marché de l'immobilier est en chute libre après dix ans d'excès, il y a juste un problème de confiance momentané et tout va rentrer dans l'ordre sous peu.

Plus rien ne vaut donc rien dans l'amérique d'Obama. Les trillions volent au-dessus des têtes des contribuables américains sans qu'ils puissent en tenir le compte. Un pouvoir politique aux ordres est déterminé à sauver l'oligarchie financière quel qu'en soit le coût. S'il faut sacrifier des principes comptables garantissant l'intégrité des acteurs économiques et faire basculer toute l'économie dans les eaux marécageuses de la manipulation comptable, so be it. Rien ne compte aux yeux du pouvoir américain au-delà de ses trois priorités essentielles: les banques, les banques et les banques (dans leur forme actuelle). Les agissements des élites économiques depuis le début de la crise nous dispensent d'une enquète approfondie sur les causes de la crise: la corruption endémique du système apparaît désormais en pleine lumière et elle ne laisse aucun doute sur les responsabilités dans ce désastre. Il est clair que la culture au sommet depuis des années est qu'on peut sacrifier le bien commun pour $1 de bonus. Alors pour des milliards...